Two friends of recent Summit High School graduate Charlie Foster, who was shot and killed by police, crouch at his memorial in Summit Cove on Wednesday, July 12.
Robert Tann/Summit Daily News

Kneeling before several bouquets of flowers, two young Summit County residents held each other in silence on Wednesday afternoon as they remembered the friend they’d lost days earlier. 

The memorial for 18-year-old Charlie Foster sat near the intersection of Summit Drive and Idlewild Drive in Summit Cove, the area where Foster was shot and killed by law enforcement officers Sunday morning. 

“No one really got to say goodbye, and I think that’s been the hardest thing,” said Wes Dennis, a soon-to-be high school senior who met Foster during freshman year. “I wish I got to say goodbye — told him I loved him one last time.” 

Foster, who had graduated Summit High weeks ago, had recently been struggling with mental health-related issues, Dennis said. 

He was apparently known to police from his interactions over the past three weeks with the Systemwide Mental Assessment Response Team, also known as SMART, which handles mental-health related calls, according to Summit County Sheriff Jaime FitzSimons. 

A statement from law enforcement stated that officers responded to a report Sunday morning of an “armed individual wandering in the neighborhood waving a firearm and banging on residents’ doors.” Officers claim Foster failed to comply with verbal commands and pointed a handgun at law enforcement officers, who subsequently shot and killed him. 

A family member claims the weapon was a BB gun, a detail the sheriff’s office has not clarified. 

As the county becomes enveloped by grief, local counselors are predicting far reaching mental health impacts across the community. 

“I don’t know what the impacts will be necessarily, but I can say that it does affect the entire community, especially since we are such a tight-knit community,” said Kellyn Ender, executive director for the nonprofit Building Hope. “The ripple effects can be big.” 

Edner said the incident comes as many current and former Summit High School students navigate the fallout of other tragic events, including the death of two students by suicide in 2020. 

“Summit High School students have been through a lot in the last few years … I can only imagine that grief is heavy to process,” Edner said. “Any time we lose a peer, it’s extremely difficult.”

On Monday, the day after Foster’s death, Building Hope hosted a walk-in mental health clinic at the high school. Ender said between six and 10 people came, made up of students and their families. 

Edner said the nonprofit is planning future sessions in the coming weeks as she and other community partners rally to get the word out that help is on the way. 

“You never know what the community is going to want or be ready for when a tragedy like this happens,” Edner said. “Even if just one person shows up, we’re glad to be there for that person.”

Wes Dennis, an incoming senior at Summit High School, crouches by a memorial for his friend, 18-year-old Charlie Foster, in Summit Cove on Wednesday, July 12. Robert Tann/Summit Daily News

Kelly Finley, lead counselor for the high school, said right now “kids are hurting, adults are hurting” and urged parents and family members to “make space and have those honest conversations with yourself and your family.” 

“This mental health crisis that we’re seeing is not contained to Summit County, it’s not contained to the state of Colorado,” Finley said. “We are seeing a mental health crisis with our youth across the country and world.”

The school district employs a multi-pronged mental health approach dubbed “sources of strength” to help students and families navigate such challenges. The practice centers on eight foundational elements: mental health, physical health, healthy activities, family support, positive friends, mentors, generosity and spirituality. 

Anna Howden, a high school psychologist, said many of these elements can overlap and often will mean different things to people. Spirituality, for example, may be religion, but it could also be connecting with nature by being outdoors. 

Finley said she and other high school mental health practitioners are doing what they can to monitor and respond to students who are reaching out. While counselors won’t officially be back on the job until the school year begins in August, there are resources and programs available now. 

That includes assistance offered through Building Hope, which provides scholarships that pay for up to 12 sessions with a contracted therapist in the county. Anyone can also call Building Hope’s main phone number, 970-485-6271, to be connected with the organization’s peer support line. 

Flowers that are part of a memorial near the intersection of Summit Drive and Idlewild Drive in Summit Cove are pictured on Wednesday, July 12. In the same area days earlier, 18-year-old Charlie Foster was shot and killed by police.Robert Tann/Summit Daily News

The service is free and is meant for anyone who “needs a space to talk and process,” though Edner said this is not the same as a crisis line, which is for immediate, mental health-related emergencies. 

Outside of Summit County, the state offers up to six free virtual therapy sessions through the I Matter program. A brief survey connects parents and youth with therapists for confidential sessions. 

Conversations between parents and children are crucial, said Edner, who advised family members to hear their children out even if they can’t remedy the situation.

“I think that parents allowing kids to be able to express their emotions and how they’re working through it is important, not trying to just make them feel better,” Edner said, emphasizing that parents should be patient and calm as they let their children process their emotions. 

“I’m sure that parents are scared too,” Edner said. “I would just say hug your kids. Let them know that you love them and you’re there for them and no matter what’s going on in their life that you’re an open door for them.”

As community members continue to navigate the coming weeks and months, Edner said her hope is for Summit County residents to “support one another through this tragedy.”

Dennis, the friend of Foster, said he wants everyone to “check on your friends regularly.”

“That’s something I always do,” Dennis said. “I’d hate to see this happen to anybody else.”

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Melisa Valenzuela has always been a competitor.

Growing up in East Los Angeles, she sought out the toughest challenges. “Especially basketball,” she said, recalling her school days. Playing with other girls didn’t interest her. “I was a tomboy. During PE in middle school, I would sneak into the boys’ line to play basketball with them because they were more competitive.”

That spirit also turned up in the classroom. A straight-A student, Valenzuela, now 31, is working toward a degree — and a career — in broadcast journalism.

Melisa Valenzuela

She has also stepped up when challenges presented themselves at home. The oldest of three children, Valenzuela lives with her dementia-afflicted grandmother, serving as primary caregiver. “That’s my role,” she said. “She was always taking us to the mall, to the movies. Now it’s my turn.”

Even the COVID-19 pandemic was no match for the health-conscious Valenzuela. When public facilities began shutting down in early 2020, Valenzuela organized a “fitness boot camp” for her friends. “We did intense workouts five days a week,” she said.

It was during those high-intensity sessions that Valenzuela, only 28 at the time, began to suspect something was wrong.

“My lower abdomen felt very tender,” she remembered. At first, she dismissed the discomfort. She didn’t consider seeing a doctor — she had no health insurance or primary-care physician.

But more symptoms followed.

Symptoms Intensify

She began experiencing constipation. Then came what felt like a urinary tract infection. “Going to the bathroom was a nightmare,” she said, tears in her eyes.

Stubborn and independent, Valenzuela still did not seek help or tell her parents. Instead, she tried self-care, buying a bunch of over-the-counter remedies, none of which worked. She was getting worse. She visited the clinic that had fitted her with an IUD and had it removed, thinking it might be the cause. It wasn’t. The pain persisted, and now it was accompanied by deeply discolored urine. That sent her to the emergency room.

Doctors there, startled by her “brown like coffee” discharge, prescribed antibiotics. They didn’t help, either. She tried another hospital, where she was told her intestines were inflamed and that she may have diverticulitis, an infection of small, bulging pouches that can form in the digestive tract. They fitted Valenzuela with a colostomy bag — something she hated — to bypass and, it was hoped, relieve the inflammation.

But Valenzuela did not have diverticulitis at all. Months later, when doctors finally performed a colonoscopy to closely examine her colon, they found a tumor. A biopsy confirmed it was cancerous. 

The news hit hard.

‘I Wanted to Quit’

“We were devastated at first,” said Valenzuela. “My mom and sister were with me. They cried on the spot. Dad had a breakdown, but away from me. And my brother tried to be strong in front of me, but Mom says he started crying, too.”

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the U.S. Most cases occur in people over 50, but it can strike young adults and even teenagers. Still, screening for colon cancer isn’t recommended until age 45, unless there is a family history of the disease. Valenzuela had none.

Her cancer diagnosis helped explain everything Valenzuela had been going through. The tumor in her colon was also impacting her bladder and threatening her uterus. Valenzuela began chemotherapy to try to shrink the tumor in preparation for eventual surgery. Her family knew what her next step should be.

“My parents wanted me at City of Hope,” she said. A close family member had been treated there. 

Andreas Kaiser, M.D.

Andreas M. Kaiser, M.D., remembers his first meeting with Valenzuela, as he sought to reassure a frightened young woman in deep distress, already enduring chemotherapy, embarrassed by her colostomy bag, suspicious of doctors, and desperate to end her mounting symptoms but terrified of what surgery might do to her.

“Melisa was emotionally vulnerable. Every cancer patient is,” explained Kaiser, City of Hope’s chief of colorectal surgery. “You build trust by saying the truth.” 

But the truth was very hard to take. Her tumor was so extensive, Valenzuela could lose parts of multiple organs, including her colon, bladder and uterus. Surgery might leave her unable to have children. Kaiser laid out all the possibilities. Was he just being thorough, protectively describing the worst-case scenario?

“No — it was the most likely scenario,” Kaiser affirmed, sadly.

And it almost ended right there.

“I was always so healthy, and suddenly all these things are piling on top of me,” recalled Valenzuela, crying profusely now. “I almost wanted to die because what would be the point of being alive?

“I felt overwhelmed. I told Dr. Kaiser I wanted to quit. 

“But he calmed me. He reassured me. He was straightforward, and he didn’t lie. He told me it would be hard. He also said that without surgery I would have a slow and painful death, so I had nothing to lose by going ahead with the operation.”

Those tough but caring words from Kaiser, who “felt like a dad to me,” plus support from her family, convinced Valenzuela to go for it.

Surgery Delayed

But surgery couldn’t happen right away. In January 2022, Valenzuela developed a “massive” bleeding problem that required five rounds of emergency radiation to “allow her to finish her chemo treatments, and then, after an appropriate break, to have the surgery,” Kaiser said.

On May 22, she was ready.

Valenzuela’s family took her to her favorite restaurant near City of Hope, Janet’s Mediterranean Cuisine, a month before her big surgery. 

Kaiser’s goal for the procedure: To take out as little as possible, but as much as was necessary to excise the tumor with “good, safe margins.” Despite all the advanced imaging available today, Kaiser knew he’d be assessing and reassessing that goal every step of the way during the long procedure, in close consultation with a urologist and others. He enlisted the help of gynecologic oncology surgeon Ernest Han, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor and chief of the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, and urologic surgeon Kevin Chan, M.D., clinical professor in the Division of Urology and Urologic Oncology, for the complicated procedure. 

In the end, it all went better than anyone expected.

“During surgery we saw that we could preserve her uterus,” he said. “We did remove a cyst on her ovary, but we saved the organ. She should still be able to have children.” The team also rebuilt her bladder. It’s smaller now, and Valenzuela makes many more bathroom trips than before — a small price to pay. The team also removed one fallopian tube, a portion of her rectosigmoid colon and a 10 cm-long segment of her abdominal wall to make sure every part of the tumor was excised in what stretched to a seven-hour surgery. 

Best of all, when Valenzuela awoke from surgery, she looked down and her colostomy bag was gone. Kaiser had repaired the remaining length of her colon. She was whole again.

“He made a joke about it,” said Valenzuela, smiling now. “He came into the room and said, ‘Hey, what happened to your bag?’ 

Kaiser, also smiling, explained, “Sometimes, when there’s good news, I joke.”

‘Back to Normal’

Valenzuela recovered rapidly, with only a minor complication — an abscess that needed to be removed. “It was smooth sailing after that,” she recalled, thanks in large part to round-the-clock family support. Both Mom and Dad took leaves of absence from their jobs and alternated at Valenzuela’s bedside, making sure she was never alone, day or night (except for one week because of a COVID-19 scare when the rules prohibited it. “Loneliest week ever!” she said).

Now, one year after her ordeal, Valenzuela says she is “totally back to normal” and occasionally has to glance at her scar to remind herself that she had cancer. Kaiser believes (“fingers crossed,” he said) that she’s cured   because, although the tumor had grown beyond the colon, it had not spread to the lymph nodes. Time will tell, and Valenzuela will continue to be monitored regularly.

Meantime, Valenzuela is filled with praise and gratitude for Kaiser (“I owe him so much”) and everyone at City of Hope who cared for her. “If not for City of Hope, I don’t think I’d be alive and whole. They are the big reason I’m healthy and capable and normal.”

She’s determined to make the most of her second chance.

“I was so depressed a year earlier,” she said. “But this just makes me realize how strong I am, and that I can do whatever I want, and I’m going to do it all at 100%!”

She’s keeping her word. Barely one month after surgery Valenzuela, the super competitor, was back at school, completing the one remaining course she needed to graduate.

Naturally, she got an A.

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With 1 in 5 U.S. adults living with some degree of mental illness, millions of families across the country are touched by this issue. But a lack of mental health resources and access to quality care remains a concern in communities around the country. As the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic unfold, we continue to learn how it has exacerbated an already deteriorating mental health situation in our nation.

Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released its latest Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which reported “increasing mental health challenges, experiences of violence, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors” among young people. According to the survey, teenage girls fared worse than boys with “nearly 1 in 3 (30%) seriously considered attempting suicide — up nearly 60% from a decade ago.”

Solutions to this growing problem, however, are complicated. There are various types and levels of disease that need to be treated in different ways. Depending on where one lives, the need for services can far outnumber the trained mental health professionals available, especially in rural areas. And while government agencies are attempting to address the lack of mental health resources, research and access to care, there is no way the government can solve this problem.

This shouldn’t come as a surprise as our federal government was never created to address these types of complex and personal challenges. More than 60 years after President John F. Kennedy established a program for community mental health centers, it is now viewed as a failure. According to the Treatment Advocacy Center, which is a fierce advocate for the seriously mentally ill and better public policies to support them, the program “did not provide care for the sickest patients released from the state hospitals.” Instead, the centers “focused on individuals with less severe problems,” leaving a large population suffering and without vital support.

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Fortunately, Americans have a secret weapon in fighting this battle — private philanthropy. Philanthropy has historically played a life-saving role in the medical field from helping us to eradicate polio to the more recent development of the COVID-19 vaccine. And, today, philanthropy is supporting numerous nonprofits that serve those living with mental illness, advance vital research and train mental health practitioners who can provide quality care.

One organization making great strides in early intervention and leading the nation in grief and trauma counseling for children and teens is the Hackett Center for Mental Health. Based in Dallas, the Hackett Center’s inaugural effort was launched to help heal communities traumatized by Hurricane Harvey. The center has since advanced a range of regional mental health initiatives that focus primarily on children, youth and families — such as helping children cope with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Another vulnerable population that consistently struggles with mental health issues is our nation’s veterans. According to the Wounded Warrior Project, “1 in 3 veterans live with post-traumatic stress disorder” and “1 in 3 veterans also feel they don’t get the mental health services they need.”

After learning about problems with the care some veterans were receiving from the Veterans Health Administration, Home Depot co-founder Bernie Marcus decided he needed to get involved. Today, the Marcus Foundation helps care for as many as 20,000 veterans diagnosed with conditions like traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress annually by partnering with local hospitals to create a network of mental health support. Its innovative Atlanta-based SHARE Military Initiative rehabilitation program, for instance, has gained national renown for the education, care and support it provides to veterans and service members — at no cost to them.

Mental health issues also contribute to other challenges like poverty and homelessness. Studies consistently show that 25% to 30% of the homeless population struggles with severe mental illness. Psychiatrist E. Fuller Torrey, who treated homeless patients with severe mental illness in Washington, D.C., for 15 years, has argued the decision to shut down public psychiatric hospitals left many without adequate care.

Fuller founded the Treatment Advocacy Center in 1998 to help eliminate barriers to timely and effective mental health treatment by advocating for improved treatment laws at the state level. Today, the center also publishes evidence-based research on the consequences of untreated severe mental illness, provides training for mental health professionals and educates the public about severe mental illness.

The lack of access to quality mental health care is indeed a crisis in this country, but solutions are out there. Public education, reducing stigma, supporting mental health research and engaging families and faith communities in solutions are all ways that we can contribute to addressing this crisis — and private philanthropy is leading the way in supporting them.

Christie Herrera is interim president and CEO of Philanthropy Roundtable. She wrote this column for The Dallas Morning News.

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Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry, fear, and nervousness that can interfere with everyday life. The most common types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. Symptoms may include sweating, trembling, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment for anxiety disorders typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or exposure therapy.

Mood Disorders

Mood disorders are characterized by significant changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. The most common types of mood disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Symptoms of depression may include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and helplessness, while symptoms of bipolar disorder may include periods of extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression).

Treatment for mood disorders often involves medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes such as exercise and healthy eating habits.

Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic disorders are characterized by a loss of touch with reality and may include hallucinations and delusions. The most common types of psychotic disorders include schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Symptoms may include hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, and feeling paranoid or suspicious.

Treatment for psychotic disorders typically involves antipsychotic medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp).

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are characterized by an unhealthy relationship with food and body image. The most common types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Symptoms may include restrictive eating, binge eating, and purging behaviors.

Treatment for eating disorders often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and nutrition counseling.

Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are characterized by unhealthy and inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. The most common types of personality disorders include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Symptoms may include impulsive behavior, unstable relationships, and a lack of empathy.

Treatment for personality disorders typically involves therapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Substance Abuse Disorders

Substance abuse disorders are characterized by a dependence on drugs or alcohol. The most common types of substance abuse disorders include alcoholism, opioid addiction, and cocaine addiction. Symptoms may include withdrawal symptoms, cravings, and an inability to control drug or alcohol use.

Treatment for substance abuse disorders often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA).

In conclusion, mental illness encompasses a wide range of disorders that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. While treatment options may vary depending on the specific disorder, the most effective approach often involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. It’s important to seek help if you or a loved one is struggling with mental illness to improve overall quality of life and prevent further complications.

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Depression

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders, affecting over 264 million people worldwide. It is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Depression can be caused by genetic, environmental, and social factors, and it can range from mild to severe. Symptoms of depression include sleep disturbances, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.

Anxiety

Anxiety is another common mental health disorder, affecting over 284 million people globally. It is characterized by excessive worry, fear, and apprehension about future events or situations. Anxiety can be triggered by specific phobias, social situations, or generalized anxiety disorder. Symptoms of anxiety include muscle tension, restlessness, rapid heartbeat, and sweating.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that affects over 46 million people globally. It is characterized by periods of extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression). The symptoms of bipolar disorder can range from mild to severe and can be triggered by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Symptoms of bipolar disorder include impulsivity, racing thoughts, poor judgment, and inflated self-esteem.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental health disorder that affects over 20 million people worldwide. It is characterized by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and behavior. The causes of schizophrenia are complex and can be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms of schizophrenia can range from mild to severe and can significantly impact an individual’s ability to function in daily life.

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are mental health conditions that affect over 70 million people worldwide. They are characterized by an unhealthy relationship with food and body image. Eating disorders can take on different forms, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Causes of eating disorders can be influenced by genetic, environmental, and social factors. Symptoms of eating disorders include restrictive eating patterns, purging behaviors, and obsessive thoughts about food and weight.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It can affect over 50 million people globally and can be triggered by various events, including natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, or combat exposure. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal.

In conclusion, mental health disorders are prevalent and can manifest in various ways. Understanding the different faces of these conditions is crucial in providing effective treatment and support for those who suffer from them. Early intervention and treatment can significantly improve an individual’s quality of life and help them lead a fulfilling and productive life.

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Types of Mental Illness

Mental illness is a broad term that encompasses many different conditions. Some of the most common types of mental illness include:

1. Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent worry and fear that interfere with daily life. They can include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.

2. Mood Disorders: Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, are characterized by intense and prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and/or irritability.

3. Personality Disorders: Personality disorders are characterized by ingrained patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are inflexible and maladaptive. Some examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.

4. Psychotic Disorders: Psychotic disorders, like schizophrenia, are characterized by a loss of touch with reality, including delusions and hallucinations.

5. Eating Disorders: Eating disorders, like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are characterized by extreme and unhealthy behaviors related to food and body image.

Symptoms and Treatments

The symptoms of mental illness can vary widely depending on the type of disorder. However, some common symptoms include:

– Changes in mood or behavior
– Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
– Changes in sleep patterns
– Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
– Difficulty functioning at work, school, or in social situations
– Changes in appetite or weight
– Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Treatment for mental illness can also vary depending on the type of disorder and the severity of symptoms. Some common treatments include:

– Therapy: Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can help individuals work through their thoughts and feelings and develop coping strategies for managing symptoms.
– Medication: Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers are some of the medications commonly prescribed for mental illness.
– Lifestyle changes: Engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep can all help improve mental health.
– Support groups: Joining a support group can provide individuals with a sense of community and connection with others who are going through similar experiences.

Supporting Those with Mental Illness

If someone you know is struggling with mental illness, there are several things you can do to support them:

– Educate yourself: Learn about the different types of mental illness and their symptoms. This can help you better understand what your loved one is going through and how you can best support them.
– Listen: Sometimes, all someone with mental illness needs is someone to listen to them without judgment. Be there for them and let them know you care.
– Encourage treatment: Encourage your loved one to seek professional help if they are not already doing so. Offer to help them find a therapist or support group.
– Be patient: Recovery from mental illness is not always linear. Be patient with your loved one and offer them support and understanding as they work through their symptoms.

In conclusion, mental illness is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people around the world. By understanding the different types of mental illness, their symptoms and treatments, and how to support those who are affected, we can work towards breaking down the stigma surrounding mental illness and creating a more compassionate and understanding society.

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